Supply, Demand and the Value of Green Buildings

Supply, Demand and the Value of Green Buildings

The climate is changing at an alarming rate. Carbon emission levels in developed world are soaring. The worrying developments call for immediate actions to reverse the trend. As one of the major contributors to global warming, real estate developers should not lag behind—they should participate in sourcing for a solution to ensure environmental sustainability and efficient utilization of resources.

In ‘Supply, Demand and the Value of Green Buildings’ journal by Andrea et al. (2012), development of sustainable and energy efficient real estates is explored in detail. The researchers weigh the importance of environmental-friendly buildings in London, especially in terms of rental prices, competitiveness and quality. The aim of the research is to determine the role that UK government has in ensuring competitiveness in development of green buildings. Besides, the journal investigates London’s real estate performance in relation to other global players including the United States.

The paper’s relevance is seen in the need to explore the current trends in real estate industry. It is notable that the future of buildings development in an urban setting lies on proper utilization of available space, energy and financial resources. Currently, non-green buildings are being phased out at an escalating rate. Thus, future real estate experts ought to have hands-on knowledge on how to adapt to a changing business environment. An analysis of this paper is one of initial steps in consideration and acceptance of new real estate realities.

In addition, the semester’s focus is on real estate analysis and management.  Thus, an in-depth analysis of the paper will raise my level of interest in semester’s studies due to its’ extensive coverage on a relevant field. In fact, the researchers admit that the paper is inconclusive given the unexplored nature of sustainable buildings. Therefore, it forms a basis for further research in this area. 

Bird Strike Control

Bird Strike Control

Bird strike events surge with an increase in the number of annual flights. Mostly, the event occurs at low altitude or on the ground, but with benign effects. However, this does not rule out bird strikes as harboring safety consequences in flight operations. As such, it is the responsibility of flight operators and pilots to exercise utmost care and to obtain necessary knowledge regarding potential hazards. Flight crews, on the other hand, should utilize standard operating procedures, facts and data to minimize consequences in case of a bird strike. While bird strikes are increasingly becoming less hazardous to aviators, control measures should be exercised to protect wildlife and minor plane damages (Thorpe, 1997).

A bird strike refers to a collision of a man-made vehicle—especially an aircraft—and airborne animals such as bats and birds. It can also refer to bird deaths due to accidental collisions. The collisions can occur between the birds and structures such as power lines, wind turbine and control towers. During aviation industry’s infantry years, bird strikes posed a significant threat to flight safety. Fatal accidents were common (Burger, 1983). Today, technological advancement in turbine engine designs has lowered the number of major accidents remarkably. Up to 65% of bird strikes in modern times cause insignificant aircraft damage but birds involved hardly survive.

There are two ways that bird strikes occur—a bird can collide with the plane’s windscreen or it can be sucked by powerful wind gusts into the craft engines. In the United States alone, the collisions and the resulting damages approximate losses of up to $400 million. Besides, there has been a sharp global decline in the numbers of avian species—experts consider the collisions with man-made structures and airplanes as one of the major contributors.

Forensic Analysis

When a flock of birds strikes, disastrous consequences ensue. Multiple strikes on low flying aircrafts make it hard to recover flight traction leading to crash imminence. Whenever a bird strike occurs in the United States, victim bird carcasses (also referred to as snarge) are shipped to identification centers for forensic analysis. To minimize risks of zoonoses, trained personnel handle the needed samples carefully during analysis.

Bird Species

Large birds with big populations like gulls and geese are mostly involved in accidents with aircrafts. In Canada and United States, scientists have observed an increase in migration of geese population, hence raising concerns regarding flight safety (Alge, 1999).  Milvus and Gyps vultures wield greater potential of strikes with aircrafts in other parts of the planet.  Latest reports of bird strike in the US involved waterfowl, raptors, and pigeons. The strike incidences were mostly concentrated in fall and spring seasons when most birds are on a migratory path.

Approaches to Minimize cases of Bird Strikes

There are three main approaches for control of effects of bird strikes. Aircraft designers should consider plane designs that are more resistant to bird strikes. Secondly, relevant authorities should consider measures that move birds away from runways and flight paths. Lastly, aircrafts and airports can be moved away from bird habitats and migratory paths.

Aircraft Design

Latest designs of commercial jet engines involve features that ensure immediate shutdown upon an ingestion of no more than 1.8 kg bird. It is not necessarily imperative for engine to be functional after ingestion, but safety is a fundamental concern. The requirement is ‘stand-alone’ because the turbine engine ought to meet all test requirements—not the aircraft. Notably, bird flock multiple strikes on both aircraft engine mid-air can be more serious than earlier thought.  They result in an immediate shutdown of vital aircraft system prompting emergency landing actions.

Main requirements of modern large aircraft structures are tail's ability to survive an 8lb bird collision and craft windows' ability to withstand a 4lb bird strike without spalling. In the past, manufacture’s tests of bird strikes involve bird carcasses being fired into the tested unit. This is made possible by a powerful gas cannon and a sabot system that simulates a speed of a bird on course to collide with an airplane (McCarthy et al., 2004). However, modern advancement in computer technology makes it possible to employ computer simulation in conducting bird strike tests. This minimizes test costs though carcass firing is still applicable in final test phases (Georgiadis et al., 2008).

Modern jet engines have white spirals painted at the center. On the ground, a white spiral indicates a running engine to the crew but in the air, it destructs the birds hence discouraging them from flying in.

Management of Wildlife

It is true that there are multiples of methods applicable by wildlife in curbing bird strikes, but there is no single universal method for controlling all bird species at all instances. Airport wildlife management measures can be categorized into two groups—lethal and non-lethal measures (Brown et al, 2001). Application of multiple lethal and non-lethal methods has proved to be an effective strategy in managing airfield wildlife.

Non-Lethal Control Measures

Non-lethal airfield wildlife management measures include visual and auditory measures, use of chemical repellents and relocation of wildlife to avert harmful consequences. Habitat manipulation, tactile and exclusion measures are also applicable. 

Habitat Manipulation

Wildlife is present at airports because of food abundance. To minimize wildlife presence at airport environment, sources of animal food at the airport can be minimized or eliminated. Turfgrass, for instance, is in plenty in most airports, hence attracting many animals as a source of food.  While grass is planted to reduce soil erosion and absorb jet wash, its preference as a source of food for most birds makes it dangerous (Brough & Bridgman, 1980). As such, airport authorities should consider ways of minimizing its attractiveness as bird food.

Birds Exclusion

Total exclusion of birds in an airport environment is an impossible feat. However, large birds and other land animals like rodents can be excluded. Barbed wire fences should be installed as perimeter fences to keep off animals.  Besides, a perimeter fence keeps off unauthorized people.Hangars should have doors that are closable when the structure is not in use to keep off birds from building nests.

Visual and Auditory Repellents

            Visual and auditory repellents can be applied as harassment techniques at the airport. Visual repellents include use of dogs, birds of prey and lasers to scare off wildlife at the airport (Lustick, 1972). Dogs are effective visual deterrents that harass birds effectively. As such, most airports with annoying bird population are considering the use of dogs and other visual repellents.

On the other hand, auditory repellents such as propane exploders, bioacoustics, shotguns and flare pistol sounds can be deployed at airports. Noises that propane exploders produce are so powerful that most bird species will flee with immediate effect.

Relocation

Most biologists prefer relocation of birds such as raptors rather than application of lethal measures. However, relocation of birds from their natural habitat due to human activities involves lengthy legal issues. The law requires relocation experts to obtain necessary permits and should take adequate measures to minimize bird casualties during the process. Relocation is considered as one of last resort measures.

Lethal Control Measures

In airports, lethal wildlife control involves population control and taking measures that reinforce non-lethal means.

Reinforcement of Non-lethal control methods

Wildlife harbors potential to lash out after non-lethal controls are enforced. Propane exploders, for example, elicit wildlife's danger response. Over time, the targeted wildlife becomes habituated to non-lethal measures. Consequently, wildlife culling is enough to restore danger response.

Population Control

There are times that wildlife population explodes threatening to spiral out of control. In an airport environment, a population of bird species can rise because of abundance food and shelter. The explosion multiplies dangers as most birds will be on air when planes are landing or taking off. As such, government can authorize elimination of some birds to keep population in check (Cook et al., 2008). This usually happens when the birds cause accidents or when there are proofs of multiplication of dangers at the airport. Usually, sharpshooters are assigned the task.

Flight Path

            Pilots should be trained on how to avoid birds while in the air. They should be knowledgeable on halting takeoffs and landing protocols when birds are in plenty. Besides, pilots should avoid bird migratory routes through alteration of flight paths. Aircrafts that are taking off from the ground are more prone to bird strikes than those in high altitudes are. Thus, pilots should consider a steep ascent to more than 3000 feet to minimize chances of a bird strike. 

 Advancement in technology and creation of awareness is making bird strikes less of a concern in aviation industry. However, more needs to be done to ensure zero rates of accidents. Because annual human fatalities as a result of bird strikes have dropped significantly, the focus should shift to finding ways to protect wildlife from human encroachment to their natural habitat.

References

Alge, T. L. (1999). Airport Bird Threat in North America from Large Flocking Birds (geese)(as Viewed by an Engine Manufacturer).

Brough, T., & Bridgman, C. J. (1980). An evaluation of long grass as a bird deterrent on British airfields. Journal of Applied Ecology, 243-253.

Brown, K. M., Erwin, R. M., Richmond, M. E., Buckley, P. A., Tanacredi, J. T., & Avrin, D. (2001). Managing birds and controlling aircraft in the Kennedy Airport–Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge Complex: The need for hard data and soft opinions. Environmental Management, 28(2), 207-224.

Burger, J. (1983). Jet aircraft noise and bird strikes: why more birds are being hit. Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological, 30(2), 143-152.

Cook, A., Rushton, S., Allan, J., & Baxter, A. (2008). An evaluation of techniques to control problem bird species on landfill sites. Environmental management, 41(6), 834-843.

Georgiadis, S., Gunnion, A. J., Thomson, R. S., & Cartwright, B. K. (2008). Bird-strike simulation for certification of the Boeing 787 composite moveable trailing edge. Composite Structures, 86(1), 258-268.

Lustick, S. I. (1972). Physical Techniques for Controlling Birds to Reduce Aircraft Strike Hazards:(Effect of Laser Light on Bird Behavior and Physiology). OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS.

McCarthy, M. A., Xiao, J. R., McCarthy, C. T., Kamoulakos, A., Ramos, J., Gallard, J. P., & Melito, V. (2004). Modelling of bird strike on an aircraft wing leading edge made from fibre metal laminates–Part 2: modelling of impact with SPH bird model. Applied Composite Materials, 11(5), 317-340.

Thorpe, J. (1997, August). The implications of recent serious bird strike accidents and multiple engine ingestions. In International Workshop on New Technologies for Bird Strike Prevention, Boston, US.

Emotional Management

Emotional Management

Medical professionalism demands adequacy in emotional management. Each medical staff is required to demonstrate their professionalism by tucking away signs that may reveal their concerns, hopelessness or despair with regard to patient's survival chances. However, medical professionals are humans—they are vulnerable to emotional feelings.

 Some medical professionals have found a way to adapt to cope with stressful situations because they are aware of effects their behaviors have on patients. The importance of emotional management transcends the immediate effect it has on patients—it gives hope and most importantly, it heals.

Damiani understands the importance managing patient’s emotions. Many years of service at Central State Healthcare System have taught her the need to instill positive emotions to the weak and sick. Creating positive emotions in patients ensures their quick recovery. It is true that most patients don’t just suffer physically—diseases inflict emotional injuries as well. Therefore, physical treatments offer a partial solution to medical conditions. It is not surprising that emotional patients have a recurring cycle of ailments. 

Studies show that a significant number of diseases have causes related to negative emotions. Offering emotional support is fundamental in getting the patients back on their feet (Sotile & Sotile, 2002).  Like Lisa Salvadore, Medical professionals can alter patient’s emotion through provision of constant care. Neglect of ailing patients worsens their conditions. Thus, medical staff should visit the patients frequently to reassure them in their recovery journey. In addition, provision of medical counseling services should be considered. For instance, Medics (like Anil Shandil) that deal with patients that have lost limbs and other parts of the body should take the patients through the acceptance phase.  The process may be lengthy, but eventually, patients will recover and lead a normal life if they received proper emotional assistance.

 In summary, patients require compassion from those that surrounds them in times of need. While family and friends play a role in their recovery, patients look upon medics for treatment and emotional support. A slight betrayal of medic’s negative emotions can result in worsening of patient’s condition or death.

References

Sotile, W. M., & Sotile, M. O. (2002). Beyond physician burnout: keys to effective emotional management. The Journal of medical practice management: MPM, 18(6), 314-318.

Analysis of ‘The Road Not Taken’

Analysis of ‘The Road Not Taken’

Choices that people make in modern times can have a lasting impression on future activities. It is imperative that individuals pay a keen attention to choices at hand before making decisions. Robert Frost, in his poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ echoed the sensitivity involved in decision making that often results in regrets.  While the poem touches most readers due to its simplicity, a detailed analysis reveals poem’s hidden meaning.

Robert Frost’s ‘The Road Not Taken’ is arguably one of the most popular and familiar poems. It has four stanzas, each consisting five lines. On average, each line has no more than ten syllabi in iambic rhythm. In fact, each stanza’s lines rhyme as per ABAAB pattern. Symbolic simplicity popularizes the poem.  The poem’s speaker ought to make a choice regarding different paths in the woods. Metaphorically, each choice represents a direction in life. However, the poem is open for varied interpretations according to reader’s feelings towards the speaker.

Frost utilized the first person while writing the poem. The use of first person raises concerns and uncertainties regarding the individuality of the speaker. It is undeniable that Frost created a character for the poem, but readers cannot rule out a possibility that the poet is indeed the speaker.

The first stanza involves the speakers' regrets as he comes to a halt where the road splits to two paths. He wishes that he could take both paths, but it is not possible—he has to make a choice. In the second stanza, he settles on taking one road. However, as the poem enters a third stanza, he gains hope of a return sometimes in the future to take an alternate path. As the third stanza ends, fear, regret and sorrow grip the speaker. This is evident in his changing tone. A reality hits him that it will never be possible to take a walk on the alternate path. In the fourth stanza, speaker worries that his ‘wrong choice’ will stare at him in the future, reminding him of how wrong he was to abandon the alternate path.  The realization forms the basis of poem’s title.

Three-Dimensional Metaphor

The effectiveness of Robert Frost’s ‘The Road Not Taken’ poem is visible in an elaborate metaphor. Besides,  a reader can easily be caught in it. While it is clear from the beginning that the poem is metaphoric, a reader feels his/her presence as events unfold. It is easy to feel the atmospheric crisp and yellow leaves rustling on the trees. It is not surprising for a reader to assume speaker’s position.  The poet succeeds in portraying his imaginative skills to a level of capturing a reader’s attention, especially through the use of detailed description.

The poem’s setting is not only imaginary but also it is made up of two dimensions— height and width. An addition of depth as a third dimension to the setting is made possible by a description of undergrowth, yet such place is nonexistent in real-life. In fact, the poet intended to show difficulties involved in making career decisions.

In the last stanza, metaphor ceases to be a real location with trees and roads—it reverts to a simple metaphor, again. The speaker looks back on his life journey and choices he did not take. It is hard to determine what lies at the end of the road speaker did not take. However, any reader of the poem will be glad that the poet failed to take it.

The poet took vital steps to immortalize ‘The Road Not Taken’. It is the reason why this poem is still sensational in the modern times. The speaker himself has a feeling that actually, he is immortal.  He believes that he can be born again after his death. On the other hand, it is arguable that the speaker is already dead and is telling his story as a dead person aware of his immortality.

Themes

There are several themes that the poem captures. For instance, choices’ concept features in the split of directions and the speaker’s need to take a single path. The theme can be related to life choices because the speaker finds it hard to settle on a particular path, which is mostly the case in real life. The poem reiterates that choices made are life-changing.   Secondly, there is a theme of exploration in the speaker’s presence in the woods without a map. As such, he has no idea regarding a path to take. Ultimately he forges on regardless of possible challenges. This teaches people the importance of defining stance and being prepared for the consequences.  Lastly, a theme of hope in the face of adversity is seen in the speaker’s willingness to move on because of possibilities that the chosen road presented. He hopes that he will return to take the abandoned path should chosen path become disastrous.

In summary, Robert Frost demonstrated his poetic knowledge and the need to relate poetry to human activities. He carefully navigates around human mortality, hence making the poem timeless and relevant for all ages. Besides, he simplifies the symbolism of the poem to make it open to varied interpretations. 

Theoretical Framework

Theoretical Framework

For Decades, the United States has held a global leadership mantle in economic development and International Security. It has not been a smooth ride, however, given the global attention the country has. At the dawn of the Millennium, for instance, United States faced a series of attacks from terrorists and other malicious groups. The development prompted a need for a conception of national security strategy updated periodically to meet the timely needs and boost security within the country and allied states. 

Combating Terrorism

When Obama got into office, he observed the importance of international cooperation and development of strong diplomatic relations with other regional powers. The forging of the new alliances with states such a Russia, China, and India as from  the year 2010 was poised to usher in a new era of international cooperation on issues affecting the global peace and security.  Security situation in the Middle East was a key concern in drafting of 2010’s National Security Strategy. In fact, the Obama administration focused on the importance of creating an internal or external consensus on matters related to foreign defense policies (Obama, 17).

Enhancing Democracy in the Middle East

2010’s National Security strategy aimed at defeating Taliban, Al-Qaeda, and other terrorist groups. It is not surprising that multiples of revolutions occurred in North Africa's Arab States including Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya.  Though the Obama Administration and NATO allies have been successful in ousting dictatorial regimes in the region, terrorist groups have shown resilience, making it hard for a democratic government to be installed (Gray, 37). In fact, most scholars argue that the involvement of United States’ interference in political activities of the Middle East has sparked a wave of instabilities. Eventually, the Arab region becomes a safe haven for thriving of terrorist groups.

Establishing Strong Relationship with Emerging Powers

Other core interest of US national security during 2010 included a response to climate change and concern of nuclear activities in Iran, North Korea, and Pakistan (Clinton, 3). In addition, the US was keen on reviving its weakening economy, hence the need to source for assistance from China, Russia and India whose economies were performing relatively well.

A threat to US Allies

Between 2010 and 2015, issues affecting US security have evolved rapidly. For example, Russia has failed to cooperate with the United States. This is evident in the annexation of Crimea and offering assistance to Ukrainian Separatists. The development is seen as an emerging threat to security of US’s Europe allies. On the other hand, China’s rise has involved bullying of smaller states in the Pacific region. As such, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Philippines have expressed their concern to the US regarding the future security in the pacific.

Cyber Security Concern

The shifts prompted a redraft of US national strategies as per the most recent developments and the new priorities. While terrorism remains one of the major security threats to the United States and its allies, the focus is shifting to Russia’s exertion of Dominance in countries like Syria, Iran and China. Besides, China’s internet censorship and perceived support of hacking activities towards US Military centers raises a threat of cyber war.  Therefore, the 2015’s National Security Strategy is  aimed at re-exerting the US power on a global scale, upholding universal values and  establishing an international order that ensures sustainability and security for all (Fierke, 53).

In summary, it is clear that the United States strives to reassure its allies in the Pacific region of its absolute commitment in providing security to curb rising countries like China from taking advantage and setting up new rules in the region. However, US face a dilemma in forging a long lasting relationship based on a mutual respect with new world powers like China and Russia. As many pro-China and Russia diplomats argue, perhaps it is a time for the US to accept the new developments and focus on partnership with emerging military powerhouses.

Works Cited

Clinton, Hillary. "Remarks on the Obama administration’s national security strategy." US Department of State, http://www. state. gov (2010):1-6. Electronic.

Fierke, Karin M. Critical Approaches to International Security. John Wiley & Sons, 2015: 32-65. Print.

Gray, Christine. "President Obama's 2010 United States National Security Strategy and International Law on the Use of Force." Chinese Journal of International Law 10.1 (2011): 35-53.Print.

Obama, Barack. National Security Strategy of the United States (2010). DIANE Publishing, 2010: 1-154. Electronic.

Article review: Cultural Studies and Community

Article Review: Cultural Studies and Community

The social environment in the United States has changed over the years. Today, the minorities can boast of a certain level of recognition, respect, and liberty. However, more has to be done to ensure absolute equality and freedom for all. While many laws have been passed to support the marginalized in the society, it is undeniable that most policies exist on paper (Clatterbaugh, 1997). The hardest part is in the implementation where most individuals—including the affected and the vulnerable—find it hard to resist the old traditions.

In the three articles, for instance, the authors agree that in the United States, there is more than it meets the eye, with regards to the advocacy of the rights of a minority and the Lesbian Gay Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT).The authors of three different articles are established researchers that base their arguments on first-hand information and years of lengthy research. 

To the general public, the animosity towards the marginalized people emanates from the majority. They base their beliefs on the mainstream activities about human behavior. However,   Christina’s close scrutiny of lives of LGBT reveals insightful information: the observed animosity emanates from within the LGBT circle. For instance, she finds out that the White LGBT views the people of color with discrimination, regardless of their sexual orientation. On the other hand, the victims of discrimination have accepted their position in the society. This makes them more marginalized than before (Plummer, 2002). In the long run, cracks in the LGBT society emerge from within, hence making it harder to push for implementation of proposed reforms to bring about a change.

In his article Against Romance of the Community, Joseph supports Christina’s argument. He offers a case of Jane, who was openly discriminative of fellow gays and lesbians that were white. In a conversation, Jane admits that she feels more comfortable being associated to an African American lesbian group rather than with LGBT society. The admission confirms the worst fears that the society—though pushing hard for reforms and general public—still has a long way to cover in search for absolute freedom and equality.  In addition, the author discovers that most gays and lesbians are inclined towards seclusion from the general public, but the feeling is inspired by the fear of the unknown and the need for peaceful coexistence.

It is a pity that the modern society is consciously or unconsciously nullifying most gains of the 20^th century with regards to freedom and Cultural Revolution. In an educational setting, for instance, sharp divisions exist between the different races and ethnic groups, despite the level of enlightenment of the young population. Amanda Garvin et al., in Collaborative Futures share concerns about the college education’s dark future on collaboration should the rising needs fail to be addressed with immediate effect. Similar to Joseph and Christina, the author of Collaborative Futures observe that the government is addressing symptoms rather than the real cause of the disparity. He argues that the diversity in the education system can be used to improve learning rather than to inspire hatred and to brew discontent that can trigger violent outbursts.  From his analysis, it is possible to expand the learning environment through a collaboration of students from various backgrounds.

It is clear that the authors are raising genuine concern regarding the cultural disparity and the lives of the minority and marginalized people in a modern American society. However, the arguments fall short at offering step-by-step means the relevant authorities can utilize to close the gap. In the end, questions regarding the need for genuine freedom and recognition of the rights of vulnerable individuals still looms (Day & Schoenrade, 2000).

References

Clatterbaugh, K. C. (1997). Contemporary perspectives on masculinity: Men, women, and politics in modern society. Westview Pr.

Day, N. E., & Schoenrade, P. (2000). The relationship among reported disclosure of sexual orientation, anti-discrimination policies, top management support and work attitudes of gay and lesbian employees. Personnel Review,29(3), 346-363.

Plummer, K. (Ed.). (2002). Modern Homosexualities: Fragments of Lesbian and Gay Experiences. Routledge.

                                                   

Baskin-Robbins

Baskin-Robbins

Baskin-Robbins (DNKN) is a global chain of shops specialized in ice cream production and sales. Its headquarters are in Canton, Massachusetts. Irv Robbins founded the company in the year 1945 in Glendale, California. The firm is famous for its ‘31 flavors’ tag implying that loyal customers can taste a different ice cream flavor at any given day of the month. The founders believed that people should have a wide variety of flavors for sampling. This way they are able to make an appropriate choice. Since 1945, the firm has introduced more than a thousand ice cream flavors.

There are more than 7,300 Baskin-Robbins shops spread across the globe. Outside the United States, the shops operate in more than 50 countries including Japan, Ukraine, England, and Nepal. Other countries that Baskin-Robbins has a major presence include China, Portugal Italy, and Malaysia. Recently, the firm opened its shops in developing countries like Dominican Republic, Mauritius, Honduras, Egypt and Kazakhstan.

Baskin-Robbins produces different flavors of ice cream with specialties in cups and cones, Sundaes, Parfaits, and Beverages. Besides, the firm bakes and sells cakes for different occasions. The customers can order the products online because the firm provides delivery as an after-sale service.

History of Baskin-Robbins

Baskin and Robbins are brothers-in-law that merged their respective parlors--Snowbird Ice Cream and Burton’s Ice Cream Shop--to form the global firm. The merging happened in 1945 in California (Fucini et al., 72). Prior to the merging of the two firms, Snowbird offered 21 flavors while Burton’s had 10 flavors. Today, the Business entity is arguably a world leader in ice cream specialty with the longest chain of stores. There are approximately 4,800 stores distributed globally as of May 2015.

In 1967, United Brands Company (UBC) acquired Baskin-Robbins. IPOs were released during late 1972 with a historic debut of 17% IPO sale. Subsequently, J. Lyons Company from Britain acquired Baskin-Robbins from UBC including all public stock. It was then that the form merged with Allied Breweries, hence the conception of Allied-Lyons.  In 1994, Pedro Domecq merged with allied Lyons. In the late 2000s, Bain Capital purchased Dunkin Brands consisting of Dunkin’ Donuts and Baskin-Robbins.

Over the last decade, the firm struggled to retain business. The economic crisis is partly to blame for woes that ensued. Other factors that contributed to business slowdown include mounting competition from start-up ice cream specialists and the soaring tax rates in foreign companies. However, the Company saw a rebound in financial performance as from 2014. In fact, Baskin-Robbins continued its expansion streak through the opening of more than 17 new international shops. In addition, Baskin-Robbins introduced ice-cream to supermarkets and retail shops all over the United States.

Baskin-Robbins Corporate Social Responsibility

Baskin-Robbins has established a community foundation that makes sizeable donations to charities and humanitarian activities. The Baskin-Robbins Community foundation provide basic needs to local communities in developing world to ensure alleviation of poverty and hunger. Besides, the foundation dedicates itself to improvement of needy children’s health and ensuring the safety and security of the neighborhoods.

Baskin-Robbins understands the need for environmental awareness. As such, the firm embraces sustainability in its activities to minimize its impact on the environment. On the other hand, the employees, stakeholders and farmers that provide raw materials are treated with respect. They are treated fairly, hence are empowered achieve their goals hence boosting the organization’s long-term performance.

Baskin-Robbins Financial Health

a.       Market Capitalization =4.2 Billion.

b.     

1.89

            From the calculation, it is evident that the company can easily repay debts over the period of the year. This is because the current assets are much higher than the current liability. Therefore, the firm can liquefy the current assets to cover for liabilities should the need arise.

c.      

= 7.61

From the calculation, it can be concluded that Baskin-Robbins depends on investors and lending institutions. This leads to a heavy risk to the business as the pressure is piled on the management to avoid scaring off investors and money lending institutions. A business entity in this situation can engage in malpractices and unethical activities like falsification of financial outcomes as a cover-up for business weaknesses.

d.      Analysis of the Company

The financial health of the business is deteriorating. The exposure of a business to a high level of risks implies that Baskin-Robbins is prone to market shocks. Though the Firm can easily repay debts, the technique would only be applicable in the short-run. In the long-run, however, the organization can take a heavy hit that can spark a streak of losses, hence scaring away potential investors. This will threaten the survival of the business.

Baskin-Robbins’ management should enact policies that will lower the business risks. Some measures that are applicable in place include establishment of a reserve fund to jumpstart the business in case of economic turmoil. In addition, the organization should diversify its investment to minimize risks resulting in overdependence in one sector.

Mission

Baskin-Robbins’ mission is to be the globe's fastest growing organization through sales maximization, building a strong brand and maximizing profit. The current and future success of the organization is dependent on the firm’s ability to deliver on innovation.  New and exciting products can be introduced to the marketplace. Besides, Baskin-Robbins strives to identify new ways of engaging with the Franchise’s business partners.

Strategy

            Baskin Robbins’s Mission will be achieved by ensuring strong cooperation among the employees and the management. Besides, the firm has an effective marketing team that ensures creation of awareness of the firm's new and existing product. The Company considers the customer as a king. Hence, all the business activities are conducted with consideration of customer needs to ensure their satisfaction and absolute loyalty to the firm and its products. 

            The management is aware of growing competition. Therefore, measures have been put in place to counter the effects of surging competition. For instance, the firm is currently upgrading the technology utilized in serving customers globally. Online sales have been adopted in most chains shops in the United States and Europe. In addition, there is a provision of after sales services including delivery of ordered Ice Cream and Cakes.

Goal

Currently, the company aims at expanding to developing countries. The reason for this expansion is to tap on growing middle-income earning group. In African countries, for instance, there is rapid economic growth as compared to the developed world. As such, the business conditions are favorable.

The goal of expansion to developing countries is SMART. Firstly, it is clear that there is a targeted market segment. Secondly the firm has experience in penetrating foreign markets--the experience will come in handy for an already established business entity, unlike a startup. Besides, the goal is measurable because tangible data is obtainable after a year of activity in a new business environment. The top level management can utilize the results in determination of business continuity.

Baskin-Robins’ goal is in line with the overall mission. In fact, it is geared towards maximization of profit and improvement of business prospects. Dates for achievement of the goal can be set. Thereafter, a detailed analysis will be conducted to ascertain the level of business feasibility and long-term sustainability measures (Balmer & Edmund, 175).

Stakeholders:

1.      Klinke Brothers: Klinke Brothers is a Memphis supplier of ice cream. In addition, the supply company has a subsidiary that provides paper goods for instance cups, napkins and spoons. The delegated duties enable smooth flow of activities without hiccups resulting from managerial conflicts work overloads. In other countries, suppliers of different requirements differ as per the locality and the proximity to Baskin-Robbins’ premises.

2.      Morgan Stanley Investors: This firm has invested heavily on Baskin Robins. As at the second quarter of 2015 financial year, the firm held more than 2.8 million shares that represent nearly 3% of the total shares. This earns the investment company the top position. However, the runners up are close behind. DNKK has a policy that allows for freedom of investors, making it easier for any major investor in the list to accumulate or sell off shares without limits. 

3.      Employees: Baskin Robins’ management is well aware that employees play a critical role in the success of any business organization. There is a heavy investment in employees’ training to boost their performance and to equip them with necessary skills. In the recent past, the firm has motivated employees through rewards, promotions, and recognition. The human resource department utilizes Human Resource Information System (HRIS) in the employee selection process as a means of ensuring that the best talent joins the available workforce.

The Impact of Technology on Business

            Technology is rapidly evolving. Most business entities are adopting technology in the day to day operations to curb competition. In the case of Baskin-Robbins, technology has impacted heavily on the business operations. Today, most activities including ordering and supervision of activities have been automated. Therefore, technology enables the management to cut the cost of operations significantly. Then, the saved funds are utilized in other areas that improve service delivery. Besides, adoption of technology in record keeping seals the loopholes through the limitation of corrupt activities and heightening the level of accountability (Melville et al., 296).

Organization of the Company

Image 1: Baskin and Robbins Organizational Structure

The Company has a traditional design evidenced by the simple structure that has all the managers answerable to the CEO.  The management is stripped to its bare essentials to ensure accountability and to avoid cases conflicts. It should be noted that a complex company structure makes it hard for employees to determine the individuals they are obliged to report. A functional organizational structure is hierarchical, each level of management answerable to the top level (Rummler et al., 62). In the chart above, there are four levels of management.

Key Leaders and Managers in the Company

Anthony J. Gioia

Anthony is the chairperson of Management Board. He is also the overall CEO and president of the company. In the past, he has served as a CEO and President if Southwest Hypermarkets. Currently, he is an Executive partner of Emigrant Capital Corporation (ECC). In addition, he is the Chairman of Togo’s Eateries. He is the current president of Baskin-Robbins International and Baskin-Robbins USA.

He has an M.B.A degree from Iona College. He did undergraduate studies at NYC College. He is affiliated to TC Global, Robeks Corporation, and Emigrant Capital Corporation.

Nigel Travis

Nigel Travis is a Chairman and CEO of Dunkin’ Brands Group since 2009. Dunkin’ Brands is an umbrella company for Baskin-Robbins. In addition, Nigel is a Managing Director of Nigel Travis Enterprises Ltd. He was once the president of Dunkin Donuts and a consultant of Blockbuster inc. he is also a Lead Director of Office Depot Ltd.

He  earned his bachelor’s degree at Middlesex University in 2001. He is affiliated to many companies including UI Video holdings, BB Liquidating Co., and Lorillard Inc. He is entitled to annual calculated compensation of $10 Million US Dollars.

William Mitchell

Mitchell holds an office of the Presidency of Canada's Baskin-Robbins. He also holds a similar position in the firm’s branches in US, Japan, Korea, and China. He holds these multiple positions since 2013. He has a bachelor’s degree from New York University and is affiliated to BR 31 Ice Cream Company and Papa John’s Int. Inc.

Members of Board of Directors

1.      Carlos Andrade- Franchisee at North East Company.

2.      Bill Bode- Employee at Dunkin Brands.

3.      Mitch Cohen—Franchisee and a Co-Chair at Dunkin Brands.

4.      Scott Hudler—VP at Global Consumer Engagement.

5.      Mike Comody—Franchisee.

6.      Dominic Laskero—Director of Operations at BR.

7.      Tom Manchester—VP, Field Marketing.

8.      Demy Martin—South East’s Franchisee.

9.      Karen Raskopf-- Senior Vice President at Corporate Communications.

10.  Cindy Savich—BR BAC Franchisee.

11.  David Sisson--Midwest and Dunkin Donuts Franchisee.

12.  Konse Skrianos—DD BAC Franchisee.

13.  Alex Smigelski—Mid Atlantic Franchisee.

Tom Manchester, Karen Raskopf, and Scott Hudler are not employees of Baskin-Robbins. A background check reveals that these board members have exhibited resilience to market changes in the firms. Karen Raskopf, for instance, has accumulated a wealth of business experience for over 20 years in a relevant field. Her presence in the board will be beneficial especially in making decisions that affect female customers (Malhotra & Peterson, 34). On the other hand, Scott Huddler is an established entrepreneur in his right. He successfully steered Global Consumer Engagement through 2008 economic recession. Lastly, Tom Manchester is credited for the renounce of the firm in 2012 from a financial crisis.

The CEO utilizes a Laissez-Faire leadership style. He understands the need for innovation to ensure prosperity in the organization. Innovation is hardly attainable in a business structure that does not allow employees to express their ideas freely. It is the reason why the firm has beat the odds to post profits during the times that competitors are making losses (Eagly et al., 569). Of keen to note is that the CEO motivates hardworking employees through rewards and promotions.

The upper management transmits the company’s culture first line employees through rituals. For instance, employee welfare activities held periodically involves participation of all employees regardless of hierarchy. During these events, there is free mingling and sharing of ideas through socialization. This way, fear is eliminated and confidence is instilled among the employees.

Corporate Culture

            The company exhibits a market culture. All the activities engaged by the staff are directed towards developing a positive image for the organization. Customers are considered during decision making and Public relation activities play a vital role (Denison, 17). The stiff competition necessitated the adoption of a market culture at Baskin-Robins.

Herzberg’s Hygiene motivation theory characterizes the business environment at Baskin-Robbins. Dissatisfied employees hardly deliver to the expectation of the management. As such, employees' welfare is catered to eliminate detriments to their performance. In fact, a benefits scheme has been established to meet the needs of employees. As a result, employee strikes are hard to come by, hence ensuring smooth flow of activities.

In summary, two entrepreneurs with a single mindset built Baskin-Robbins from scratch. They expressed their passion towards business, which motivated them to establish a solid foundation. Decades later, the organization is anchored on the founding pillars. This has enabled the development of a strong organizational culture between the employee and the management.

The motivation of employees has played an important role in the organizational success. In addition, the diversification in product and service provision eliminates risks emanating from a lean on a particular sector (Ambile & Teresa, 192). This enables Baskin-Robbins to wither the competition launched by startup rivals. 

Works Cited

Amabile, Teresa M. "Motivational synergy: Toward new conceptualizations of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in the workplace." Human resource management review 3.3 (1993): 185-201.

Balmer, John MT, and Edmund R. Gray. "Corporate identity and corporate communications: creating a competitive advantage." Corporate Communications: An International Journal 4.4 (1999): 171-177.

Denison, Daniel R. Corporate Culture and Organizational Effectiveness. John Wiley & Sons, 1990: 1-26.

Eagly, Alice H., Mary C. Johannesen-Schmidt, and Marloes L. Van Engen. "Transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles: a meta-analysis comparing women and men." Psychological Bulletin 129.4 (2003): 569.

Fucini, Joseph J., and Suzy Fucini. Entrepreneurs, the Men and Women Behind Famous Brand Names and how They Made it. GK Hall, 1985: 78-206.

Malhotra, N., and M. Peterson. "Basic Marketing Research; a decision-making approach." New Jersey 7458 (2006): 22-189.

Melville, Nigel, Kenneth Kraemer, and Vijay Gurbaxani. "Review: Information technology and organizational performance: An integrative model of IT business value." MIS Quarterly 28.2 (2004): 283-322.

Rummler, Geary A., and Alan P. Brache. Improving Performance: How To Manage the White Space on the Organization Chart. The Jossey-Bass Management Series. Jossey-Bass, Inc., 350 Sansome Street, San Francisco, CA 94104, 1995: 1-206.